A line parallel to a plane of projection will be projected on that plane as. Principal views orthographic projection can be used to describe even complex objects fully and clearly. Basically it is a way a representing a 3d object on a piece of paper. Plates ix to xv, inclusive, are to be drawn by the student for practice in applying the principles of orthographic projection, intersections and developments, isometric and oblique projection, and for practice in lettering.
Orthographic projection is based on two principal planes one horizontal hp and one vertical vp intersecting each other and forming right angles and quadrants as shown in figure 3. Since the plane of the project is verticle, it is called a verticle plane. Any view obtained by a projection on a plane other than the horizontal, frontal, and profile projection planes is an auxiliary view. Conversion of pictorial views in to orthographic views. Orthographic view a drawing that shows a side of an object viewed directly from 90 degrees.
Orthographic drawings usually consist of a front view, a side view and a plan, but more views may be shown for complex objects with lots of detail. Mar 06, 2012 this presentation discusses the six principal views of a multiview drawing. All dimensions less than 1 should have a leading zero. Orthographic projection is 3d objects portrayed on a 2d plane. Technical drawings are based on the fundamental principles. The 6 principal views are created by looking at the object straight on in the directions indicated.
The 6 principal views are created by looking at the object, straight on, in the directions indicated. Fundamentals of drafting first angle orthographic projection. You can think of the six views as what an observer would see by moving around an object. This view is prepared by placing the object in front. Pdf created with fineprint pdffactory pro trial version.
Orthographic projection orthographic or orthogonal projection or sometimes called working drawing is a system of drawings obtained in which the object is viewed at right angle and projected on to a perpendicular plane. After the views have been drawn on a sheet of paper notes and dimensions are then added. A sketch or drawing should only contain the views needed to clearly and completely describe the object. Principle views and principle planes of projection. Recognize and the symbol for thirdangle projection. We will start with a third angle view then try some first angle views in the exercises. Identify the six principal views and the three space dimensions. The obverse of an orthographic projection is an oblique projection, which is a parallel projection in which the projection lines are not orthogonal to the projection plane. Projections behind every 2d drawing of an object is a.
Note that in the projected right plane there are three rectangles. Orthographic projection theories and principles of orthographic projection multiview drawing a drawing that shows more than one view of an object. Orient the object the object should be placed in its natural. The top views are the same but are in different locations. Following views are formed of an object in orthographic projection. Index the elevation draw the end view project new elevation 45. Each principle view is created by looking at the object in the directions indicated in figure 12 and drawing what is seen as well as what is hidden from view. These plates are to be made 11 inches by 15 inches outside, with a margin of 12 inch, making the clear space for the drawing 10 inches by 14 inches.
Orthographic projections orthographic projections are a collection of 2d drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. Orthographic projection of cone and frustum of cone indranil saha07 foundation programii nift, delhi orthographic projection. Defining the six principal views or orthographic views. What happens if you unhinge and unfold the faces of the box. Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts and finishes. Orient the object to the best position relative to a glass box 2. Principal views there are six principal views in a multiview orthographic projection. Traditional methods and manual drawing still also may be.
Identify normal, inclined, and oblique planes in multiview. Same system of notations should be followed incase numbers, like 1, 2, 3 are used. Understand which views show depth in a drawing showing top, front, and rightside views. What are the names of the common views used in orthographic. Chapter six orthographic projection technical drawing. At this point, give an introduction to glassbox approach for developing orthographic projection drawings. An orthographic projection is a 2d representation of a 3d object.
When the object is complex from inside therewhen the object is complex from inside, there will be many hidden lines in the projections and it will be difficult to understand the orthographicwill be difficult to understand the orthographic projections. An advantage of orthographic views is that each view shows the object all the way through as if it were transparent. A number of views are projected on to the principal planes and an auxiliary vertical plane. Orthographic projection of a solid orthographic projection of a solid. Orthographic drawings are the projection of views on a drawing. What are the names of the common views used in orthographic projection.
Projection of points at 90 degrees to a parallel projection plane. Orthographic projection 1 what is orthographic projection. Ppt orthographic projection powerpoint presentation free. Orthographic projection is a method of producing a number of separate twodimensional interrelated views, which are mutually at right angles to each other. Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Recognize and sketch the symbol for thirdangle projection. Transfer depth between the top and rightside views. Orthographic projection orthographic projection or orthogonal projection is a means of representing a threedimensional object in two dimensions. Chapter 4 orthographic projection and multiview constructions. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Although two or three views are enough to reveal an object, the projectors from six directions of the object in the first angle are shown, if necessary.
In this exercise, we will use autocad to draw the front, top, and right side views of the object shown at the right. Orthographic projection theories and principles of orthographic projection multi view drawing a drawing that shows more than one view of an object. There are six principal views on six principal planes of projection. Create a multiview drawing using hand tools or cad.
You will notice that there is a 1 to 1 correlation between the projectors that intersect the angled projector and the horizontal visible lines in the top view. Projection lines do not touch the object and are drawn perpendicular to the element you are dimensioning. Of these views or planes, three are referred to as primary planes of projection vertical, horizontal, and profile. Orthographic projection types and terminology riansclub. May, 20 if you need lecture video of other subjects comment below the subjecttopic name orthographic projection includes orthogonal views of objects. Orthographic projection is the method of representing the exact shape of an object in two or more views, on planes always at right angles to each other by extending perpendiculars from the object to the planes. Orthographic projection a system for graphical representation of an object by a line drawing on a flat surface. The views are twodimensional, so they show no depth. What are the six principle of orthographic projection. Multiview drawings and the six principal views slideshare. Orthographic projection projection of an object engg drawing.
A drawing can have any combination of views but the three most common views are. Side view is inline horizontally with either top view or front view. They are top, front, and right side views, arranged together as shown below. The most common views drawn of an object in an orthographic drawings are the front view, top view, and right side view. We now study the orthographic projection in detail. The object, whose orthographic projection needs to be drawn, is enclosed in a. Orthographic projection is based on two principal planes one horizontal hp and one vertical vp. Apply standard line practices to multiview drawings.
Of these views or planes, three are referred to as primary planes of projection vertical. Orthographic projection is universally used in engineering drawing. View lines or section lines lines with arrows marked aa, bb, etc. Originally this drawing system was based on orthographic first angle projection. What are the 10 principles of orthographic projection. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The orthographic projection shows the object as it looks from the front, right, left, top, bottom, or back, and are typically positioned relative to each other according to the rules of either first angle or third angle projection. Generally, the following three views are prepared in the orthographic drawing. The three principal dimensions of an object is the height, width, and length. After studying the material in this chapter, you should be able to. Projected positionsafter the sides of the glass box are unfolded, the sixregular views of the objectfront, top, bottom, right, left, and rear are. Orthographic and pictorial views engineering drawing and related documentation practices an american national standard asme y14. Normally, the front view is in the lower left corner of the page, the top view is in the upper. These minimally required views are referred to as the necessary views.
For most of the product, three principal views are good enough to describe the product. The projection line at the 45 degree angle is required in order to properly locate both the top and right side views with respect to each other and with respect to the front view. Views selection alignment of views orthographic writing steps basic dimensioning tangency and intersections view selection view selection steps 1. We will start with a third angle view then try some first angle views. What are the six principle of orthographic projection answers. The standard views used in an orthographic projection are. The term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the principal axes or planes of the object are also parallel with the projection. The six principal vies of projection are top, front, bottom, left, rightside, and rear. List the dimensions that transfer between top, front, and rightside views. Orthographic projections fprincipal views 1portray objects most simply. The views are to be shown symmetrically as shown in fig 7 b. Object point a line ab its top view a a b its side view. These are the front, back, top, bottom, and left and rightside views.
See more ideas about orthographic projection, orthographic drawing and isometric drawing. In an actual orthographic projection, all of the views are included on the same page. These views are called principal views and are arranged in a standard way. Solutions to draw the missing orthogonal views exercise for introduction to mechanical and mechatronic engineering. Orthographic projection is the latest standard of technical drawing in which different views are projected into different reference planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane. Slide set 2 drawing views and orthographic projection i. In addition to the 6 principal views front, back, top, bottom, right side, and left side, any auxiliary views or sections may be included as serve the purposes of part definition and its communication. Download this pdf document so that you can access it anytime and print any page that you may want to use the following pages contain information and exercises about orthogonal orthographic drawing term used in victoria term used in new zealand isometric drawing they can be used for. Figure 41 shows a threedimensional model and three orthographic views created using thirdangle projection and three orthographic views created using firstangle projection. To recognize colored surfaces and to draw three views 5. It is necessary to show only enough views to show all the features. The most commonly used are top, front and right side views. Orthographic projections are a collection of 2d drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object. Figure 4 6 shows an object with its front, top, and rightside orthographic views projected from the object.
For engineering drawings, both first angle projection and third angle projection are commonly used. Fig 4 first angle projection fig 5 three views on a plane fig 6 symbol for first angle projection. Orthographic projection orthographic projection shows complex objects by doing a 2d drawing of each side to show the main features. Orthographic projections, continued multiview projections multiview projections are the second major subdivision of orthographic projections. The difference between orthographic projection and any other drawing method is that we use several 2d views of the object instead of a single view. This presentation discusses the six principal views of a multiview drawing. Basic concepts of orthographic projections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 orthographic problems with solution pdf. So the nal orthographic projection matrix to transform the scene into the canonical view volume is p ortho ts 2 6 6 4 2w 0 0 0 0 2h 0 0 0 0 2. The orthographic view shown in the figure is obtained by viewing the object from the front, hence called front view. To understand orthographic projection, think of yourself standing in a mirror room. Drawing views and orthographic projection i third angle projection. Orthographic projection and multiview projection orthographic projection is a method of producing a number of separate twodimensional interrelated views, which are mutually at right angles to each other.
Principle views in orthographic projection there are 6 principle views of an object, front, top, l side, r side, rear, and back views. Orthographic projection sometimes referred to as orthogonal projection, used to be called analemma is a means of representing threedimensional objects in two dimensions. The 2d drawing represents different sides of an object. Dvd sections click the titles to link to the activity. General guidelines pick a front view that is most descriptive. Multiview drawings usually require several orthographic projections to define the shape of a threedimensional object. The angles formed between the horizontal and the vertical planes are called the first, second, third, and fourth angles, as indicated in the figure. Using this projection, even the most complex shape can be fully described. Object point a line ab its top view a a b its side view a ab.